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History, Time Line, Battles, Videos etc
History, Time Line, Battles, Videos etc
4:06 AM
Dates | Events |
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June 28 | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, who is killed in Sarajevo along with his wife, Duchess Sophie. |
July 23 | Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia. The Serbian response is seen as unsatisfactory. |
July 28 | Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia mobilizes. The Great War begins. |
July 31 | Germany enjoins Russia to stop mobilizing. Russia says mobilization is against Austria-Hungary only. |
August 1 | Germany declares war on France. |
Italy declares its neutrality. Germany and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty. | |
August 2 | Germany invades Luxembourg. |
August 4 | Germany invades Belgium[1] to outflank the French army. |
Britain protests the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by a treaty; German Chancellor replies that the treaty is just a chiffon de papier (a scrap of paper). The United Kingdom declares war on Germany. | |
August 5 | Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary. |
The Ottoman Empire closes the Dardanelles. | |
August 5–August 16 | The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium. |
August 6 | Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. Serbia declares war on Germany. |
August 7 | The British Expeditionary Force arrives in France. |
August 9 | Montenegro declares war on Germany. |
August 11 | France declares war on Austria-Hungary. |
August 12 | The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary. |
August 14–August 24 | Battle of the Frontiers. The Germans obtain a victory against the British Expeditionary Force and France's Fifth Army. |
August 16–August 19 | The Serbs defeat the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer. |
August 17 | The Russian army enters East Prussia. Battle of Stalluponen. |
August 20 | The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia. The attack is a failure in addition to being a violation of the Schlieffen Plan. |
August 17–September 2 | Battle of Tannenberg: the Russian army undergoes a heavy defeat by the Germans. |
August 20 | The Germans occupy Brussels. |
August 22 | Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium. |
August 23 | Japan declares war on Germany. |
August 23–August 25 | Battle of Kraśnik. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeats the Russian Fourth Army |
August 24–September 7 | The Germans siege and capture the Maubeuge Fortress. |
August 25 | Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary. |
August 26 | British and French forces invade Togoland, a German protectorate in West Africa. |
August 26–August 27 | Battle of Le Cateau. Allied retreat. |
August 26–September 11 | Battle of Lemberg. The Russians capture Lviv. |
August 27–November 7 | Battle of Tsingtao: British and Japanese forces capture the German-controlled port of Tsingtao in China. |
August 28 | The Royal Navy wins the First Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea. |
August 29–August 30 | Battle of Saint Quentin, aka Battle of Guise. Orderly Allied retreat. |
August 30 | New Zealand occupies German Samoa (later Western Samoa). |
September 3–September 11 | Austro-Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Rava Russka. |
September 5–September 12 | First Battle of the Marne. The German advance on Paris is halted, marking the failure of the Schlieffen Plan. |
September 7–September 14 | First Battle of the Masurian Lakes: The Russian Army of the Neman withdraws from East Prussia with heavy casualties. |
September 8–September 17 | Second Austro-Hungarian attempt at invading Serbia fails. |
September 9 | Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg lays out Germany's war aims. |
September 11–September 21 | Australian forces occupy German New Guinea. |
September 13 | Troops from South Africa begin invading German South-West Africa. |
September 13–September 28 | The First Battle of the Aisne ends in a substantial draw. The Race to the Sea begins. |
September 14 | Erich von Falkenhayn replaces Helmuth von Moltke the Younger as German Chief of Staff. |
September 17 | The Siege of Przemyśl begins |
September 28–October 10 | The Germans siege and capture Antwerp, Belgium. |
September 29–October 31 | Battle of the Vistula, aka Battle of Warsaw. |
October 16–October 31 | Battle of the Yser. French and Belgian forces secure the coastline of Belgium. |
October 19–November 22 | The First Battle of Ypres ends the Race to the Sea. The Germans are prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk. |
November 1 | Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire. |
Battle of Coronel. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron defeats a Royal Navy squadron under Christopher Cradock. | |
November 2 | The United Kingdom begins the naval blockade of Germany. |
November 3 | Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire. |
November 3–November 5 | Von Lettow-Vorbeck's German colonial forces defeat the British at the Battle of Tanga, German East Africa. |
November 5 | France and the United Kingdom declare war on the Ottoman Empire. |
November 6 | The Austro-Hungarians enter Belgrade. |
November 9 | Battle of Cocos, northeast Indian Ocean. The Australian cruiser Sydney destroys the German cruiser Emden. |
November 11–December 6 | Battle of Łódź |
November 11 | Sultan Mehmed V declares Jihad on the Allies. |
December 8 | Battle of the Falklands. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron is defeated by the Royal Navy.| |
December 16 | The German fleet shells Scarborough and Hartlepool, England. |
December 24-December 25 | An unofficial Christmas truce is declared between large numbers of German and French forces. |
December 29–January 2, 1915 | The Russians win the Battle of Sarikamis, Caucasia. |
Dates | Events | |
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January 8–January 16 | Austro-Hungarian offensive against Montenegro, which capitulates. | |
January 9 | The Gallipoli Campaign ends in an Allied defeat and an Ottoman victory. | |
January 11 | Corfu occupied by the Allies. | |
January 24 | Reinhard Scheer is appointed commander of Germany's Hochseeflotte. | |
January 27 | Conscription introduced in the United Kingdom by the Military Service Act. | |
February 13–February 16 | Battle of Erzurum. | |
February 21 | The Battle of Verdun begins. | |
February 28 | German Kamerun (Cameroon) surrenders. | |
March 1 | Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. | |
March 1–March 15 | Fifth Battle of the Isonzo. | |
March 8 | Battle of Dujaila: a British attempt to relieve Kut fails. | |
March 18–April | Lake Naroch Offensive. | |
April 23 | Easter Rising by Irish rebels against the United Kingdom. | |
April 29 | The British forces under siege at Kut surrender to the Ottomans. | |
May 10 | Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. | |
May 15–June 10 | Austro-Hungarian Strafexpedition in Trentino. | |
May 31–June 1 | Battle of Jutland between Britain's Grand Fleet and Germany's Hochseeflotte. | |
June 4 | The Brusilov Offensive begins. | |
June 5 | The Arab Revolt in Hejaz begins. | |
The HMS Hampshire is sunk off the Orkney Islands; Lord Kitchener dies. | ||
June 10 | Italy: Paolo Boselli succeeds Antonio Salandra as Prime Minister. | |
July 1 | The Battle of the Somme begins. | |
July 2 | Battle of Erzincan. | |
July 14 | Battles for Longueval and Delville Wood (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) | |
Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) | ||
July 23–August 7 | Battle of Pozières (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) | |
August 3–August 5 | Battle of Romani. Ottoman attack on the British in the Sinai peninsula fails. | |
August 3–August 17 | Sixth Battle of the Isonzo. The Italians capture Gorizia (August 9). | |
August 18–September 5 | Battle of Guillemont (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) | |
August 27 | Italy declares war on Germany. | |
Romania enters the war on the Entente's side. Her army is defeated in a few weeks. | ||
August 29 | Paul von Hindenburg replaces Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff. | |
September 6 | The Central Powers create a unified command. | |
September 9 | Battle of Ginchy (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) | |
September 10–November 19 | Allied offensive on the Salonika Front. | |
September 14–September 17 | Seventh Battle of the Isonzo | |
September 15 | Battle of Flers-Courcelette (last offensive of the Battle of the Somme). The British use armored tanks for the first time in history. | |
September 20 | The Brusilov Offensive ends with a substantial Russian success. | |
September 25 | Battle of Morval (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) | |
September 26–September 28 | Battle of Thiepval Ridge (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) | |
October 1–November 5 | Battle of Le Transloy (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) | |
October 9–October 12 | Eighth Battle of the Isonzo. | |
October 24 | The French recapture Fort Douaumont near Verdun. | |
November 1–November 4 | Ninth Battle of the Isonzo. | |
November 13–November 15 | Battle of the Ancre (closing phase of the Battle of the Somme) | |
November 18 | The Battle of the Somme ends with enormous casualties and no winner. | |
November 21 | HMHS Britannic sinks after hitting a German mine | |
Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, dies and is succeeded by Charles I. | ||
November 25 | David Beatty replaces John Jellicoe as commander of the Grand Fleet. Jellicoe becomes First Lord of the Sea. | |
December 5–December 7 | United Kingdom: Prime Minister Henry Asquith resigns and is succeeded by David Lloyd George. | |
December 6 | The Germans occupy Bucharest. The capital of Romania moved to Iaşi. | |
December 13 | Robert Nivelle replaces Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. | |
December 23 | Battle of Magdhaba in the Sinai peninsula. | |
December 27 | Togoland is divided into British and French administrative zones. | |
December 29 | Grigori Rasputin, Russia's éminence grise, is assassinated. |
Dates | Events | |
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January 8 | Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points. | |
February 18 | Fighting resumes on the Eastern Front. | |
February 21 | The British capture Jericho. | |
February 25 | German troops capture Estonia. | |
March 3 | At Brest-Litovsk, Leon Trotsky signs the peace treaty with Germany. | |
March 21–March 25 | First phase of the Spring Offensive (Operation Michael). The Germans obtain a Pyrrhic victory. | |
March 23–August 7 | Artillery bombardment of Paris. | |
March 26 | French Marshall Ferdinand Foch is appointed Supreme Commander of all Allied forces. | |
April 1- | Royal Air Force founded by combining the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service. | |
April 4 | Second phase of the Spring Offensive (Operation Georgette). The results are disappointing for the Germans. | |
May 7 | Treaty of Bucharest between Romania and the Central Powers. It will never be ratified. | |
May 27–June 6 | Third Battle of the Aisne (aka Operation Blücher-Yorck, third phase of the Spring Offensive). After initial gains, the German advance is halted. | |
June 9–June 12 | Final phase of the Spring Offensive (Operation Gneiseau). Despite substantial territorial gains, the Germans do not achieve their strategic goals | |
June 13–June 23 | Second Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarian offensive is repelled. | |
July 15–August 5 | Second Battle of the Marne and last German offensive on the Western Front, which fails when the Germans are counterattacked by the French. | |
August 8–August 11 | Battle of Amiens, first phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. | |
September 12 | Battle of Havrincourt, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. | |
September 15 | The Allies break through the Bulgarian lines at Dobro Polje. | |
September 18–September 19 | Battle of Doiran, The Bulgarians halt the British and Greek advance. | |
September 18–October 10 | Battle of the Hindenburg Line, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. The Allies break through the German lines. | |
September 19–September 21 | Battle of Megiddo. The British conquer Palestine. | |
September 26–November 11 | Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the final phase of the Hundred Days Offensive and of World War I. | |
September 30 | Bulgaria signs an armistice with the Allies. | |
October 1 | The British enter Damascus. | |
October 20 | Germany suspends submarine warfare. | |
October 24–November 4 | Battle of Vittorio Veneto. The Austro-Hungarian army is routed. The Italians enter Trent and land at Triest. | |
October 29 | Wilhelm Groener replaces Erich Ludendorff as Hindenburg's deputy. | |
October 29 | Germany's Hochseeflotte mutinies. | |
October 30 | The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros. | |
November 3 | Austria-Hungary signs the armistice with Italy, effective November 4. | |
November 9 | Germany: Kaiser William II abdicates; republic proclaimed. | |
November 10 | Austria-Hungary: Kaiser Charles I abdicates. | |
November 11 | At 6 am, Germany signs the Armistice of Compiègne. End of fighting at 11 a.m.. | |
November 12 | Austria proclaimed a republic. | |
November 14 | Czechoslovakia proclaimed a republic. | |
German U-boats interned. | ||
3 days after the armistice, fighting ends in the East African theater when General von Lettow-Vorbeck agrees a cease-fire on hearing of Germany's surrender. | ||
November 21 | Germany's Hochseeflotte surrendered to the United Kingdom. | |
November 22 | The Germans evacuate Luxembourg. | |
November 23 | 9 days after agreeing a cease-fire, General von Lettow-Vorbeck formally surrenders his undefeated army at Abercorn in present-day Zambia. | |
November 27 | The Germans evacuate Belgium. | |
December 1 | Yugoslav independence proclaimed. |
Dates | Events |
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January 18 | Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and Germany: the Peace Conference opens in Paris. |
January 25 | Proposal to create the League of Nations accepted. |
June 21 | German High Seas Fleet (53 ships) scuttled in Scapa Flow with nine deaths, the last casualties of the war. |
June 28 | Treaty of Versailles signed. |
July 8 | Germany ratifies the Treaty of Versailles. |
July 21 | The United Kingdom ratifies the Treaty of Versailles. |
Dates | Events |
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January 10 | First meeting of the League of Nations held in London. Official end of World War I. |
Free City of Danzig established. | |
January 21 | The Paris Peace Conference ends. |
February 10 | A plebiscite returns Northern Schleswig to Denmark. |
April 19–April 26 | Conference of Sanremo, Italy, about League of Nations mandates in former Ottoman territories of the Middle East. |
June 4 | Treaty of Trianon between the Allies and Hungary. |
August 10 | Treaty of Sèvres between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty is not recognized by the Turkish national movement, which consider the Istanbul government illegitimate. |
September 8 | Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims in Fiume the Italian Regency of Carnaro. |
November 1 | League of Nations headquarters moved to Geneva, Switzerland. |
November 12 | Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia. Zadar is annexed by Italy and the Free State of Fiume is established. |
November 15 | The League of Nations holds its first general assembly. |
Dates | Events |
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1921 | |
October 13 | Treaty of Kars between Bolshevik Russia and Turkey. |
1922 | |
February 6 | Washington Naval Treaty, limiting naval tonnage, signed by France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. |
April 10–May 19 | Genoa Conference. Representatives of 34 countries discuss economics in the wake of the Great War. |
April 16 | Treaty of Rapallo between Germany and Bolshevik Russia to normalize diplomatic relations. |
September 11 | Treaty of Kars ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. |
1923 | |
July 24 | Treaty of Lausanne between the Allies and Turkey, successor State to the Ottoman Empire. It supersedes the Treaty of Sèvres. |
1924 | |
January 27 | Treaty of Rome between Italy and Yugoslavia. Fiume is annexed by Italy and the neighboring town of Sušak is assigned to Yugoslavia. |